Does God Exist?

Katalina Rosa
14 hours ago
5 min read

Silhouette of a person standing on a hillside beneath a colorful, star-filled night sky with the Milky Way stretching overhead.

A Reflection Between Faith, Reason, and Experience

Introduction: A Question as Old as Humanity

At some point in life, we have all paused to think about how our existence began and how everything we see came to be. The question of whether God truly exists is not new; it has accompanied humanity for centuries. In fact, many philosophers and thinkers have attempted to answer it through arguments that, to this day, continue to inspire reflection and debate.

Throughout history, different philosophical traditions have developed solid arguments pointing toward the existence of a supreme being. These arguments are not based solely on faith, but also on observation, logic, and thoughtful reflection about the world we inhabit. Human reason has sought to explain the existence of a Creator from three fundamental dimensions: the origin of the universe, the order and purpose found in nature, and the existence of universal moral values.

From these reflections arise three classic approaches: the cosmological, teleological, and moral arguments.

The Cosmological Argument: The Origin of Everything

When we observe any human work—such as a painting, a sculpture, or a house—our minds immediately conclude that someone must have created it. Nothing comes from nothing. In a similar way, when we consider the universe, which has a scientifically verified beginning, the natural question arises: how did all of this come into existence?

Questions such as “Who created God?” or “Could the universe exist by itself?” are often raised. However, the essential difference is that God, as the first cause, is not limited by time or space. He did not begin to exist and therefore does not need a creator. The Bible states in Genesis 1:1, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth,” showing that everything that exists had a beginning and that this beginning comes from an eternal source. Psalm 90:2 reinforces this truth by declaring that God is eternal, and John 1:3 affirms that all things were made through Him and that nothing exists apart from Him.

From a scientific perspective, the evidence also points to a beginning. The Second Law of Thermodynamics indicates that the universe is gradually “running down,” which implies that it cannot be eternal. In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is constantly expanding, pointing to an initial moment of origin, commonly associated with the Big Bang. Additionally, the discovery of cosmic background radiation—the thermal echo of that event—supports the idea that the universe had a beginning.

Einstein’s theory of relativity adds another key insight: time, space, and matter came into existence simultaneously. Before the universe, they simply did not exist. All of this leads to a logical conclusion: the universe cannot be its own cause. There must be something beyond it—eternal, immaterial, and transcendent—that brought everything else into existence. That uncaused first cause is what many identify as God.

The Teleological Argument: Design in the Universe

On the other hand, the teleological argument holds that the universe displays an order so precise that it is difficult to attribute it to chance. The laws of physics remain constant, natural forces are in balance, and the parameters of the cosmos appear to be set with extraordinary accuracy. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun varied even slightly, if gravity were different, or if the composition of the air changed somewhat, life would not be possible.

The astrophysicist Luke A. Barnes, in his article The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life (2012), explains that the physical constants of the universe appear to be calibrated within extremely narrow margins that allow for the existence of intelligent life. Later studies, such as those by Adams (2019) and Díaz-Pachón, Hössjer, and Marks (2021), have shown that the probability of a habitable universe arising by chance is practically zero.

If we look at life itself, the complexity is even more evident. DNA is not merely a molecule, but a code loaded with precise information that directs all biological processes. The idea that such a sophisticated system could have arisen by chance defies mathematical probability. Taken together, the harmony of the universe and the complexity of life point not only to order, but also to purpose, suggesting the existence of an intelligent cause behind everything.

The Moral Argument: Objective Good and Evil

The moral argument begins with a profound observation: all human beings, regardless of culture or time period, recognize a basic moral framework. Values such as justice, love, honesty, and the rejection of cruelty transcend cultural boundaries.

C. S. Lewis, in Mere Christianity (1952), observed that people can only argue about what is just or unjust because, deep down, they recognize a shared moral standard. If morality were purely relative—a simple social or biological construction—there would be no objective foundation for distinguishing between good and evil.

The philosopher Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Practical Reason (1788), argued that the moral law present in human conscience points to the existence of a transcendent moral Lawgiver. Along the same lines, William Lane Craig maintains that the existence of objective moral values only makes sense if there is a holy and just God.

If God is the Creator of life, then it is also coherent to understand Him as the source of the moral law that guides our actions. The universality of morality, therefore, does not seem to arise from chance, but from a deeper reality: a supreme Lawgiver who has impressed upon human conscience the knowledge of good and evil.

Conclusion: A Reasonable and Coherent Explanation

The three arguments—cosmological, teleological, and moral—converge on the same idea: the existence of God offers a reasonable and coherent explanation for the origin of the universe, the order present in nature, and human morality. Christian faith is not opposed to reason; rather, it is supported by it.

The final question is not only whether God exists, but what it means for our lives to recognize that everything has an origin, a purpose, and a value that transcends human experience.

Bibliography

Barnes, L. A. (n.d.). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Retrieved from Version published in CSIRO / Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia with DOI and institutional backing.

Barnes, L. A. (n.d.). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Retrieved from Preliminary version in arXiv: “The fine-tuning of the universe for intelligent life has received a great deal of attention … the set that permits the evolution of intelligent life is very small.”

Craig, W. L. (n.d.). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. Retrieved from Official book page / catalog (Crossway / Focus on the Family) with description of the edition.

Díaz-Pachón, H. &. (2021). Document in arXiv, analyzes the degree of adjustment and proposes a Bayesian framework for estimating probabilities of “tuning.” Retrieved from Is Cosmological Tuning Fine or Coarse.

Lewis, C. S. (n.d.). Mere Christianity. Retrieved from Digital version at Archive.org, with the full text: Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis.